How to care for a guinea pig: care rules and tips for beginners

A guinea pig is an almost ideal option for a first pet. She:

• Easy to care for
• Easy to maintain
• Clean
• Friendly

But at the same time, the rodent remains a pet that requires care. If you don’t know the basics of keeping a cavi (another name for your animal) and caring for them, you will greatly complicate life for yourself and your pet. There is a lot of useful information for beginning “pig breeders” in the article below.

The guinea pig is the friendliest rodent.

Preparing for a Guinea Pig

Before you bring a new pet into your home, a home must be arranged for it. Even before purchasing a cage, you need to choose a place where the cage will stand. Pigs do not like excessive heat and drafts, so it is better to choose a place for your pet away from radiators and windows.

In addition to the cage, the pig needs: a drinking bowl, a feeder, bedding, a resting house, a comb for long-haired breeds, scissors or tweezers for caring for claws, food, hay for nutrition, toys and a carrier for visiting the veterinarian.

After the pig and the owner get used to the new life and new responsibilities, accessories for entertainment can be made or purchased additionally. Your pet will need new entertainment.

Reproduction

Animals can start mating at 10 months. After mating, it is recommended to remove the pig before the birth of offspring. Pregnancy lasts on average two months (the exact period depends on the number of babies). During this period, the female should be left alone.

Labor usually occurs naturally within an hour. If the pig cannot give birth, then you need to call a veterinarian. If the birth is successful, the pet will gnaw the umbilical cord itself. If this does not happen, then it can be cut with sterile instruments.

Choosing a home for a guinea pig

The choice of housing for a guinea pig comes down to 4 options: cage, terrarium, container and enclosure. All of these types of houses are acceptable for keeping a rodent. But each type of house has its own characteristics.

Cell

Breeders of these cute rodents believe that this is the best option. In a cage, the pet is protected, it cannot get out on its own and go wandering around the apartment, and there is also good air circulation in it. There is only one drawback in such a house - food and bedding scatter around the cage, and the garbage has to be removed daily.

To make the animal comfortable, the cage must be:

• Spacious. A cage of at least 90 cm in length, 40 cm in height and 60 cm in width is suitable for one pet. For two individuals kept together, the cage length must be at least 120 cm and width 80 cm.
• With plastic tray. If the cage does not have a tray and there are only metal bars on the floor, then the animal’s paws may get stuck. This will lead to injury.
• Not tall. Multi-tier cages are not intended for pigs. Pigs do not know how to jump and deftly climb to the upper floors. Therefore, trying to climb higher can lead to injury. But even if the animal climbs up, problems may arise with the descent.

Terrarium

Connoisseurs do not welcome it when a pig is kept in a terrarium. Its blank walls interfere with ventilation. And this leads to the fact that the terrarium will be hot and stuffy. The bedding in this type of pig house does not dry out. To create air circulation, the side walls of the terrarium are made of mesh.

But this is a “cleaner” type of housing, since sawdust and hay do not fly in different directions from the terrarium, and there is less cleaning.

Aviary

An aviary is the best type of housing for a pig if there are no cats or dogs in the house. The size of the enclosure can be much larger than that of a cage or terrarium, which provides the rodent with more space. The walls of the enclosure are made at least 40 cm high so that the pet cannot climb over it. An aviary is also an economical option.

Plastic container

This type of housing is also called “Dune”. Breeders do not recommend keeping animals there. The container is designed with a plastic tray and a plastic lid with holes. Despite the holes, the flow of fresh air is not enough for the pig to feel comfortable in it. And the dimensions of the container are not large enough for the pig to have room to roam. “Dune” is convenient to use as a carry bag in warm weather.

Arrangement of a guinea pig's home: list of necessary and additional accessories

The abundance of products in pet stores can confuse newbies. Does a pig really need that many gadgets? There is a necessary list of purchases for a pet, and there are items that are purchased at will.

Necessary household items for guinea pigs are:

1. Drinking bowl.

It is best to use a hanging option, as bowls standing on the floor turn over and water spills. Sawdust and animal excrement can also get into the bowl.

1. Feeder.

The hanging option is again preferable to the floor one for the same reasons.

1. Sennik.

This is a special container for hay. It is generally accepted that hay can simply be thrown onto the floor in the cage. But, given that the pet eats some parts of dry grass, it is better not to put it on the floor for hygiene reasons.

1. House.

It may seem that your pet does not need a closed, cozy place. But, without the opportunity to shelter and rest, the animal may begin to behave nervously and aggressively. Therefore, a quiet, calm place, closed from prying eyes, is one of the essentials.

Additional accessories for entertaining and caring for your pet include: wooden toys, a hammock, a salt stone, a bed and other items presented in a wide range of stores. They will occupy the pet's free time when the owner is busy. But they do not have to be present in every guinea pig's cage.

Invasion of Japan

For the first time, Japanese scientists from the University of Hiroshima began to study this issue seriously. It was noticed that the waters of the Pacific coast of the Land of the Rising Sun are simply teeming with nomura jellyfish (Nemopilema nomurai). Experts became interested in this increase in population and decided to find out its reason.

During the research, they were faced with the need to thoroughly study the question of how jellyfish reproduce.

It was found that the cycle is quite complex. And after birth, giant jellyfish babies, like snowflakes, behave just as aggressively and have the same gluttony as adults.

What and how to feed your guinea pig

The rodent menu includes fresh and dried herbs, fresh vegetables and fruits, and cereals. Unlike rats and hamsters, guinea pigs eat mostly grass and vegetables rather than grains. Grain should be in the diet of the main characters of this article, but in smaller quantities than their relatives.

List of products for the daily diet of pigs:

• Hay.
• Fresh plants: nettle, dandelion, chamomile, alfalfa, dill, burdock and lettuce.
• Fresh vegetables: carrots, cabbage, beets, cucumber, celery, pumpkin, zucchini.
• Fresh branches of fruit trees and shrubs: apple, raspberry, blueberry, pear. Willow, maple, and ash branches are also suitable.
• Fresh berries and fruits: apple, pear, banana, strawberry, cherry.

Stores sell special dry food for pigs. There is no consensus on whether it is necessary in the daily diet of an animal. Some breeders give their pets one tablespoon of food daily for each individual, considering this a necessity. Other owners limit themselves only to fresh food. But it is absolutely clear that you cannot feed animals with dry food alone. Fresh herbs and vegetables are required in the diet.

It is recommended to add treats to the usual menu two or three times a week. Pigs will love dried fruits and nuts. But they should not be the basis of the diet.

It is strictly forbidden to feed these rodents the following products:

• pasta, bread and other flour products;
• dairy and fermented milk products;
• sausage and meat, as well as fish and eggs;
• potato;
• sugar-containing products;
• mushrooms;
• onion and garlic;
• legumes (peas, beans, etc.), except peanuts.

You need to feed your pig 2-3 times daily. High-quality hay should always be available to the animal.

Your pet's diet should be varied. You cannot feed your rodent the same food every day.

The pig is given treats no more than 2-3 times a week, otherwise it may negatively affect the pet’s health.

You cannot leave an animal without food for a long time. If the pet does not eat for 18 hours, then irreversible changes will begin in its digestive system, which can lead to the death of the animal.

Pigs drink little water, but there should always be a supply of fresh boiled water in the cage.

In winter, instead of fresh herbs, the pig is fed sprouted grains.

The daily portion of food should not be more than 30% of his body weight. If you overfeed your pet, it will develop obesity.

The introduction of new products should be gradual. First, treat your pet with a small piece of a new type of food. Then you need to observe the condition of the animal to see if there are any changes. And if everything is fine with the pet, then you can introduce a new product into the regular diet.

Pigs are sensitive to the quality of food consumed. It is better to remove stale vegetables and rotten hay. Eating stale food will lead to digestive problems in the animal.

How to properly handle a guinea pig

Guinea pigs have a sensitive perception of sound. Even a quiet but sharp sound can frighten an animal. Therefore, it is not recommended to place a cage with an animal in a room with a TV. You should also not shout at the animal.

Physical contact with your pet should be gentle. These animals have a fragile physique. Taking an animal by the scruff of the neck or by the paws can injure it.

You cannot throw objects into the pig’s house or shake the cage. This will cause stress to the animal. A nervous condition in pigs can lead to health problems.

Violent actions towards pigs are fraught with stress. If your pet does not want to leave the cage, then you should not force him out. This is done only if a trip to the vet is necessary.

A calm, quiet home atmosphere is suitable for this rodent. Only in peace and quiet will the animal feel comfortable.

You need to take care of your pet so that it is healthy, in a good mood, and its coat is shiny and silky.

Origin story

These animals were made tame back in the 5th millennium BC by representatives of the tribes of South America. The ancestors of modern inhabitants of the south of Colombia, Peru, Ecuador and Bolivia at one time consumed these mammals as food. According to scientists, wild guinea pigs wanted to be close to humans without any coercion. The Incas used guinea pigs as sacrificial animals, so they were constantly sacrificed to the sun god. Animals that had a variegated brown or pure white color were very popular. It is generally accepted that modern guinea pigs descended from their ancestors "Cavia aperea tschudi", which can be found in mountainous areas.

Interesting to know! Such mammals form small groups and live in very spacious underground burrows. Animals living in the mountains of Chile have significant differences in appearance when compared with domestic guinea pigs. This is due to their food supply, which is poor in water but rich in cellulose compounds.

Games, training and taming a pet

When a pet first appears in the house, you should not immediately grab it and actively get to know it. This is a new place for the animal, so it needs to be given time to get used to it. As soon as the animal is brought into the house, it must immediately be put in a cage. The cage must have food, water and a house. The owner needs to approach the cage and talk gently to the pet, without making loud or harsh sounds. The next day, you can offer your pet a treat from your hand. If the animal comes up and treats itself, you can gently stroke it. At this time, the animal gets used to the voice and smell of the owner and learns to trust him. After the pet has approached its owner several times, it can be picked up.

When holding your pet for the first time, you need to be calm, confident and careful. If the first time you try to pick up a pet is unsuccessful, the animal falls or hits itself, then it will continue to have a fear of hands.

After the pet gets used to the new place and begins to actively communicate with the owner, you can teach him a few tricks. In order for the pet to respond to its name, every time the owner pours food or offers a treat, you need to call the pet by name. The animal will associate the vocal signal with the supply of food and will begin to approach when simply called.

It is a mistake to believe that guinea pigs are inactive and mostly sleep and eat. They enjoy playing, exploring outside the cage and walking on the green lawn. Pig games are the simplest, but most interesting. The simplest entertaining game is playing with a paper ball. The animal will like the rustling ball and will happily roll it around. Another simple but fun activity is a cardboard box. You need to make holes in a small box and put it in a cage or enclosure for the pig. The pet will happily climb in and out of the box until it gets tired. To entertain the animal, you can also hang a hammock, build a tunnel, or let it chew on a branch of a fruit tree.

Activities for cute rodents include walking around the apartment or walking outside. To do this, you need to make sure that the space is safe and warn everyone that the small animal is “on the loose.” And when walking on the street, you will have to constantly monitor the animal so that it does not fall into the paws of a cat or dog.

Tips for caring for guinea pigs

For a pet to have a comfortable life, the owner will have to devote a little time every day. Caring for a guinea pig includes: cleaning the cage and accessories, hygiene procedures for the pet itself and a preventive veterinary examination.

Cleaning your pet's home includes daily, weekly and monthly procedures.

Every day the animal’s water should be changed, the feeder should be cleaned, and uneaten pieces of food that may begin to spoil should be removed.

The cage itself is washed 2-3 times a week. Cleaning the cage includes changing the filler, washing the tray, wet cleaning the cage bars and all accessories inside the cage. The rodent's wooden house is wiped with a damp cloth. After cleaning, all items need to be dried, and only then add fresh litter and put the pig in the cage.

General cleaning, carried out once a month, includes all the same procedures as weekly cleaning. But it is also added to the treatment of the cage and interior items of the house with a solution of soda or vinegar. Toxic chemical disinfectants should not be used to clean guinea pig cages.

The pig must be examined for wounds, neoplasms, monitor its mood, activity, and type of excrement. This will allow you to determine in time that your pet is sick.

Lifespan

In the right and comfortable conditions for keeping guinea pigs, the animal can live up to 10 years. There are also individuals 15 years of age. It all depends on diseases, care, breed and other factors. In nature, rodents live much shorter lives. Heavy weight and natural selection have an effect.

Guinea pig hygiene

Pigs in the wild are capable of keeping their bodies and their homes clean. But at home, to maintain cleanliness, they need the help of the owner.

Pigs need hygiene procedures almost the same as people. By following the rules of care, the animal will be clean, tidy and feel good.

Water treatments

Bathing is not the most pleasant procedure for these animals. And you should not often resort to water procedures. But if the pet got very dirty during a walk, or the animal had diarrhea, then it is necessary to bathe the animal. He cannot cope with this problem on his own.

For bathing, use baby shampoo. The water temperature should be less than 38 degrees. It is not necessary to bathe the whole animal if only one of its paws is dirty. You can't get the pig's head wet. Immediately after bathing, the wet animal is wrapped in a thick towel.

Combing and massage

Long-haired breeds such as angora, sheltie, alpaca, and coronet require brushing. The length of their hair reaches 20 cm. They will not be able to cope with their hair on their own. Comb this coat with a brush or a special comb several times a week. Before starting the procedure, it is recommended to wet the fur to make it easier to comb. This procedure will prevent the formation of tangles and make the fur silky. And if a tangle does form, it must be removed with scissors.

Smooth-haired and hairless guinea pigs can handle their own hairstyles, however, it is advisable to scratch them too. This should be done during the molting period and just for massage. Bald breeds include Skinny and Baldwin.

Some breeds have areas on their body where the hair grows in a circle. Such circular patterns are called rosettes. Rosette guinea pigs look cute, as if disheveled, and are prized by breeders.

Nail trimming

In nature, pigs grind their claws down on stones on their own. But this material is not common in cages and apartments. You can put a few rocks in your pet's cage or even put up a small, stable rock slide, but this still won't eliminate the need to give your pet a manicure. If the claws are not trimmed, they grow huge and begin to curl. It becomes uncomfortable for the pet to walk, its fragile skeleton becomes deformed, and dirt accumulates in the overgrown claws and bacteria develop. And this is not the whole list of problems that arise if you do not deal with the animal’s claws.

Nails are cut with a special nail clipper, which is sold in pet stores. You can also use tweezers and nail scissors. When cutting, you need to be careful, as there is a nerve and a vessel in the animal's nail. And it is important to correctly determine its location. In transparent nails this issue does not cause difficulties; the vessel and nerve are clearly visible. But with dark nails you will have to work slowly, gradually trimming the nails to the required level.

Pets' nails are cut every 2 weeks or once a month. If you skip procedures and let your nails grow, then the nerve in the claw will also grow back. This means that cutting your nails short will become more and more difficult each time.

Grinding down teeth

Nature provides that the front teeth of pigs should be ground down. Solid dry food, grains, and tree branches are suitable for this. If the teeth are not going to shrink, then this will interfere with the pet’s ability to eat. In this case, only a veterinarian will help. You need to contact him about this problem once every three months.

Eye check

You should check your eyes regularly for swelling, redness, or discharge. These symptoms may simply be caused by dirt or the result of a serious illness. If this situation happens for the first time, then you need to wipe your eye with a napkin. After this, the animal needs to be observed. Monitor the condition of the eyes and, in general, his mood and health. If the situation with the eyes has not changed for a long time or has worsened, then it is time to visit the veterinarian.

Ear hygiene

Dirty ears in guinea pigs can cause deafness. Therefore, animals’ ears need to be cleaned regularly. The ears are a favorite place for ear mites.

The ear cleaning procedure should be carried out using a paper handkerchief. You cannot use cotton swabs for this.

In addition to cleaning, it is worth noting if your pet is scratching its ears or tilting its head to the side, as if something is bothering it. Then this is a reason to visit the veterinarian.

You need to take care of your guinea pig regularly, but once all the rituals become a habit, care will be quick and easy.

Periods of growing up

Conventionally, the life of a pig can be divided into 4 stages. The norms for weight and size may differ for different breeds, but for the dynamics of development they are common to all representatives of the species.

• childhood - 0-3 months;
• youth - 3 months - 1.5 years;
• maturity - 1.5 - 5.5 years;
• old age from 6 years.

The childhood period is characterized by intensive growth. The average weight of a newborn cavia is 50-140 g. The parameters are influenced by the age of the mother, living conditions during pregnancy, and the number of cubs in the litter. Usually the larger animals are those that were born first in the litter.

Baby guinea pigs are born quite large with fur and already with open eyes

How much a particular pig should weigh at 2 weeks can be determined by doubling its weight on the first day.

By the fifth week, the guinea pig's growth reaches 19 centimeters. Age is good for purchasing a pet. By this time, the animals are completely ready to be weaned from their mother.

Girls reach puberty around the 30th day of life, boys around the 70th day. Animals show interest in individuals of the opposite sex and are physically capable of reproducing. The rodent's body is still not fully formed, so mating at such an early age is not recommended.

In adolescence, the animal begins to show interest in the opposite sex. At 3 months, the difference in size between rodents of different sexes becomes clearly pronounced. The weight can exceed that of a newborn piglet by 10 times.

The formation of the body ends by the 6th month. The animal is ready to perform its reproductive function. The growth rate is decreasing.

The male is larger in weight and size than the female

The rodent becomes an adult at 15 months. Until these years are reached, kavias grow and gain mass. An adult guinea pig should weigh at least 700 g.

The average life expectancy of a pig is 6-8 years. From the age of 4, age-related changes begin in the body. By the age of 6, your guinea pig may begin to lose weight. Reproductive function is disrupted, problems with the absorption of nutrients appear. Aging affects appearance, coat and mobility.

What makes a guinea pig sick?

Guinea pig diseases can be caused by infections, genetic predisposition, or improper care and maintenance of the animal.

Incurable diseases for which the animal must be euthanized:

• Plague.

The disease is dangerous for other animals. Its symptoms are weakness, apathy, lack of coordination and paralysis.

• Lymphocytic choriomeningitis.

The disease is dangerous not only for other animals, but also for humans. With symptoms such as difficulty breathing, fever above 39.5 degrees, pleurisy, convulsions, the animal must be urgently taken to the veterinarian.

• Pasteurellosis.

An incurable disease that is dangerous to other animals. Its symptoms: purulent nasal discharge, ulcers, wheezing when breathing, convulsions.

• Pseudotuberculosis entails paralysis of the limbs. Therefore, if diarrhea, refusal of food or exhaustion occurs, the animal should be urgently taken to a doctor.
• Parafit. Its symptoms: diarrhea, refusal to eat, apathy.

In addition, pigs suffer from colds, rickets, conjunctivitis, infection with parasites (both internal and external), hair loss (alopecia), malocclusion, diseases of the digestive tract, and fractures.

The following symptoms are reasons to be wary and closely monitor the animal, or even take it to the veterinarian:

• lethargy;
• depression;
• unkempt fur;
• discharge;
• problems with going to the toilet and dirt near the anus.

The tips for caring for a guinea pig described in this article and preventive visits to the veterinarian will help avoid some diseases that can become chronic and harm the animal if left unattended.

Diseases

The animal does not get sick often, but when the first signs are detected, it is necessary to begin treatment. It is better to trust a professional doctor who will select the optimal treatment.

The most common diseases are: worms and parasites, gastrointestinal disorders, colds, dental anomalies and eye infections.