What to feed domestic rats: how to choose food, what fruits and vegetables to give, protein foods and a list of prohibited foods

Rats make amazing pets. It is not surprising that their owners do everything to ensure that the animals live longer. And the basis of rat well-being is not only good living conditions, but also proper feeding.

Previously, people didn’t think much about what they fed their pet rats. It's a rat! They are omnivores, indestructible, can eat soap, cardboard and sawdust, so why bother with them... As a result, the rats received either a “hamster diet” consisting of a single grain mixture, or a “pig ration” - they were simply given everything from the table. Both approaches are fundamentally wrong.

Properly feeding a rat is not so difficult, you just need to avoid harmful foods and try to maintain a balance of proteins, fats, and carbohydrates. Author of the article: Olga Shiltsova, practicing veterinarian, author of the books “Dachshund of Fate” and “Tails of Fortune”

What do you feed domestic rats: diet composition

A high-quality grain mixture is the basis of the diet of domestic rats. The easiest way is to choose ready-made high-quality food rather than making the mash yourself. Food is given ad libitum, without restrictions. An adult rat eats about 30 grams per day.

In addition to grain, the rat menu must include succulent food - vegetables or fruits, green salads. Protein complementary foods are also needed, especially for young animals during the growth period, pregnant or lactating females.

As a reward for training and just to pamper your pets, they use various seeds and nuts, unsweetened popcorn, banana chips and much more. Treats should make up a tiny part of the diet.

Why does it smell so good?

Domestic rats are fed something like this:

• 60% grain mixture (feed)
• 20% vegetables and unsweetened fruits, greens
• 10% protein food (meat, eggs)
• 5% fermented milk products
• 5% treats

Example of a diet for rats: dry food on the right, protein and succulent food on the left

Now let's take a closer look at each section.

Vitamin complex

For normal functioning of the body, rats need vitamins:

1. To replenish vitamin A, rats eat milk, fishmeal and egg yolk. It affects reproduction and growth.
2. Thiamine, or vitamin B1, is found in baker's yeast, dairy products and grass flour. It affects the functioning of the nervous system and the metabolism of carbohydrates in the animal’s body.
3. Riboflavin, or vitamin B2, is found in grains and sprouts. He is responsible for the reproductive system.
4. Pyridoxine, or vitamin B6, is found in grass flour, yeast and bran. Thanks to it, the risk of conjunctivitis and various skin diseases is reduced.
5. Cobalamin, or vitamin B12, is found in fishmeal. Its source is also shellfish. Replenishes the lack of aminocarboxylic acids. Add to the diet in small quantities.
6. Sources of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) include root vegetables, greens and fresh vegetables. It is given as a measure to prevent colds.
7. Vitamin D is found in fish oil. It regulates the exchange of phosphorus and calcium in the body.
8. Tocopherol, or vitamin E, is found in green food and sprouted grains. It is responsible for the functions of the reproductive system.
9. The main sources of vitamin K are vegetable oil, green leafy vegetables, as well as liver and dairy products. Blood clotting depends on it.

If there is a lack of vitamins in your pet’s menu, you should buy a special vitamin complex in a pet store. To select vitamins for your animal, you need to contact a veterinarian. The selection depends on the individual characteristics of the domestic rat.

A properly designed nutrition menu will help kitty rats stay healthy for many years.

To choose food for a pet, the owner must pay attention to its characteristics. Rodents eat everything they are given, however, not all food is good for the animal.

Rat food: which one is better?

Grain mixture is the basis of the diet of domestic rats. I advise you to buy only high-quality food, and if this is not possible, prepare the mixture yourself. Unfortunately, domestic inexpensive food has a very poor composition. They consist mainly of oats.

I categorically do not recommend buying food that is stored in cardboard boxes (not airtight), especially in hypermarkets. A rat can easily be poisoned by such food if it was standing, for example, next to washing powder. Opt for imported food in sealed packaging.

Of the two foods, the choice is obvious in favor of Little One, although this is far from the best food for rats

Here are some high-quality foods that can be safely offered to decorative rats:

• Versel-Laga Rat Nature;
• Vitacraft Menu Vital;
• Beaphar Xtra Vital Rat or Care+ Rat Food;
• Vitapol Karma Premium;
• JR Farm Ratten-Schmaus.

Please note that in addition to regular grain mixtures, there are granulated foods for rats. They are similar to complete food for cats and dogs - homogeneous solid “crackers”. Granular feed does not differ from regular feed in composition. They are convenient in the case of selective eating - if rats select seeds and other goodies from the food, leaving the grain uneaten.

Rat food

The basis of the diet should always be cereals: wheat, rye, barley, oats.

What fruits and vegetables can rats eat?

Juicy food should be present in the rat menu every day. You should give preference to vegetables and leafy salads; these are healthy and low-calorie foods. Fruits and berries contain a lot of sugars; they are used more as a delicacy.

Rat eats peach slices, blueberries and green beans

You need to feed juicy foods to rats without fanaticism. From a large amount of greens, rat feces become soft and smelly, and even diarrhea is possible. The daily norm is determined individually.

How to give fruits and vegetables to rats:

• Peel the peel;
• Provide local, seasonal fruits;
• Approximate amount per day – 30 g per rat;
• Monitor your stool and well-being, introduce new types of fruits gradually.

In general, it’s better to stick to the “if you’re not sure, don’t give” rule. If one day the rat does not receive succulent food, there will be no trouble.

The following vegetables are fed to rats:

• Zucchini;
• Cucumber;
• Carrot;
• Pumpkin;
• Green salads: arugula, chard, corn, spinach;
• Celery;
• Spicy herbs: dill, parsley, basil.

Excellent assortment: zucchini pieces, lettuce, seeds

What fruits can you give to rats:

• Apricots;
• Bananas;
• Mango;
• Peaches;
• Apples.

In addition to vegetables and fruits, rats enjoy eating berries. However, this is precisely a delicacy, since such fruits contain a huge amount of sugar. Allowed berries:

• Strawberries or wild strawberries;
• Blueberries, blueberries;
• Cherry, sweet cherry;
• Currant;
• Raspberries.

Before giving your rat a new fruit or vegetable, make sure it is not on the list of prohibited foods. Also remember that rats, like people, have food allergies.

Can rats eat meat: about protein feeding

Unlike rabbits or guinea pigs, rats are omnivores. A strictly vegetarian diet is bad for their well-being. Adult rats should be given protein-rich food 1-2 times a week, while young rats up to 5 months old should receive it 3-4 times a week.

Many people ask whether rats can eat meat, because they fear that the animal will become “bloodthirsty”, bite fingers, bite a cat, and the like. All these fears are groundless, rats do not become aggressive from meat, and it is necessary to give it. Although rats are delighted with such food, moderation must be observed - a serving of animal protein for an adult rodent is about 20 grams.

Juicy and protein complementary foods in one bowl

The following are used as protein foods:

• Lean boiled meat (beef, turkey, chicken, rabbit)
• Boiled eggs (quail or chicken);
• Boiled fish, squid or shrimp;
• Live and dried insects: grasshoppers, gammarus, zofobas, mealworms.

It is better to give out the meat individually so that the rats do not fight over the tasty morsel. Otherwise, particularly arrogant rats will receive protein overfeeding, while others will experience a lack of nutrients. They serve strictly boiled, not raw meat.

When there are a lot of rats: everyone gets a chicken leg!

As for eggs: boiled yolk can cause a rat to choke. To avoid this, boil the egg soft-boiled or mix the yolk with water. Quail eggs can be given unshelled; rats will eat or peel the shell at their discretion.

Quail eggs are given to rats not because of some “magical properties”, but because of their convenient size

Fish and seafood are rarely given, since these products give urine an unpleasant, specific odor.

Opinions differ regarding insects - there are fears that they can serve as a source of helminthic infestation. However, this is only true for live worms; dried insects are safe. For my part, I agree that it is easier and safer to give your pets a boiled quail egg or a piece of breast than to look for and buy all sorts of larvae.

Features of feeding rat pups

To avoid adverse consequences during or after feeding rat pups, you need to remember the important features of feeding animals. You need to feed small rodents taking into account the following recommendations:

1. During one feeding, a newborn baby eats up to 0.3 ml of milk. From the fifth day of life, the volume of food increases to 0.5 ml. From the 10th day, the amount of the mixture increases by another 2 times. You shouldn’t rely solely on the baby rat’s appetite - a wide longitudinal white stripe on its transparent tummy will tell you that the baby is full. This shows the stomach filled with milk.
2. If a baby rat chokes on milk, you need to forcefully pinch its nose so that it rests. He should sneeze until all the milk flies out of the nasal passages. If the technique does not help, you can move on to pinching the back of the body. It's more painful, but more effective. The main thing is to prevent the baby from suffocating.
3. During greedy sucking of the mixture, air is often swallowed. This leads to bloating and severe pain. In such a situation, you need to stop feeding and give the baby 0.02-0.03 ml of any drug containing simethicone using a catheter. For example, Bobotik or Espumisan.
4. Upon reaching the age of 7 days, you need to carefully examine the gums of the baby rats for the appearance of a whitish coating - a sure sign of thrush. If a problem appears, it is necessary to treat the oral cavity with children's antifungal drugs - Candida, Nystatin, Fluconazole. To prevent thrush, from the first days of life it is recommended to give the cubs a drop of Biovestin, a liquid probiotic.

You also need to remember that the remains of the mixture and any other food must be removed from the cage immediately after feeding. Otherwise, pups may choke on dried food, which often leads to asphyxia.

Can rats have milk?

Many rats love fermented milk products. They can also be considered as a source of animal protein, calcium and other benefits. However, many rats cannot digest lactose due to a lack of the enzyme lactase. Dairy products cause strong fermentation in their intestines, and as a result - bloating and diarrhea.

Rats are strictly not given whole milk, as well as dairy products that are too fatty (10-20% sour cream, cream). The best option is fermented milk products with a fat content of up to 5%, without flavorings or any additives. They should not be sweet.

Rats can be given as treats (a dessert spoon of each):

• Cottage cheese;
• Natural yogurt;
• Ryazhenka, acidophilus, narine.

If your pet has not received dairy products before, you need to start with small portions and monitor how you feel afterwards. Fermented milk is given on days when rats do not receive protein complementary foods (meat, eggs), either separately or as a reward.

The clever thief was attracted by the remains of milk at the bottom of the glass

Biologically active additives

Sources of minerals are water and feed. Pure water at room temperature is considered an integral part of the diet. It should always be present in the animal's drinking bowl. Excess of other substances affects the absorption of calcium. To improve your pet's well-being, add slaked lime or chalk to the feeder. They help replenish the lack of calcium and phosphorus in the body. Essential mineral supplements include magnesium, sulfur, sodium and various vitamins.

Treats for rats: a little of each

Training animals is incredibly interesting; rats successfully learn various commands. The question arises - how to encourage pets so as not to harm them. And in everyday life, sometimes you want to pamper rats with something tasty.

The main rule: the treat should not be sweet. Therefore, I urge you not to buy “treats” for rodents at the pet store! Milk drops, honey sticks and other crap can be harmful to the health of rats. Moreover, no less tasty things can be found at home.

This cookie is obviously too big

Rats love seeds and nuts! They are given individually, literally one at a time, 1-2 times a week. The point is high fat content and calorie content. Seeds and nuts should not be fried or salted.

• Watermelon, pumpkin, sunflower, flax seeds, sesame seeds;
• Walnuts, hazelnuts, cashews, peanuts.

Rats love all kinds of seeds, but this is too fatty food for them

As a reward, you can use treats made from cereals and cereals:

• Pieces of cereal, unless they are sweet (corn, wheat);
• Tiny crackers dried from regular bread;
• Unsweetened cookies (biscuits);
• Homemade popcorn or puffed rice;
• Pieces of rice paper;
• Pasta;
• Porridges from various cereals.

For repeated rewards, you can dip a stick in yogurt or baby puree and let your rat lick it.

Dumbo rat eats corn

Must-have products

What to feed a decorative rat? It is important that the rodent menu is balanced. It should contain the optimal ratio of vitamin and mineral elements that are required to maintain health.

If you are thinking about what to feed your pet rat, then the following list of products will help you deal with this problem:

1. Vegetables, greens, fruits, berries. These natural products are an important part of the diet of these living creatures. The fact is that these plant components contain an increased level of nutrients, microelements, and they contain fiber, which is required for the normal functioning of the digestive system. Be sure to give the rat carrots, cabbage, turnips, and potato tubers. It is recommended that they eat them boiled. They can eat any fruit, but without seeds. Among the greens in the diet, you can include lettuce leaves, sprigs of parsley, celery, dill, clover leaves, plantain, and dandelion.
2. Meat and fish products. In addition to plant products, the rodent menu must include meat and fish. But they should be given to your pet more often 2-3 times every 7 days. These products should only be given boiled, but not raw or fried. You can also add offal to the menu - heart and liver.
3. Cereals. Cereals are the main source of carbohydrates. They can be given in grain form or sprouted. In sprouted form, they are considered the most useful because they contain a high content of vitamin E, which is required for the normal functioning of the immune system. The list of grain feed should include the following varieties of crops: millet, rye, oats, barley.
4. Nuts. They have an increased level of protein, but should be given in limited quantities. But you should completely avoid almonds.
5. Be sure to include dried fruits in your pet’s menu – prunes, dried apricots, raisins.
6. Dairy products. Rodents love to eat cheese, low-fat cottage cheese, and also drink skim milk, kefir, and natural yogurt, but it should not contain additives or dyes.
7. Hard-boiled eggs. They are given not so often, no more than once every 7 days.
8. You can feed your white pet with chalk, which has a high calcium content. You can also use yeast and charcoal. In winter, it is worth giving vitamins that can be purchased at a pet store.

Important! Rats should be fed regularly. Your pet should eat well, but it is important that it does not overeat, otherwise obesity may occur, which can negatively affect the pet’s health.

What should you not feed your pet rat?

Any products containing salt, sugar, spices, dyes, flavors and preservatives are contraindicated for rats. Therefore, most “human” food is not suitable for them. Chips, sausage, sweets, alcohol, smoked or pickled foods are prohibited.

If mommy eats a cupcake, that's right - we eat a cupcake too!

Foods prohibited due to high fat content (rats have weak livers):

• Sour cream, cream, condensed milk;
• Cheese (yes, cheese is strictly prohibited);
• Lard, bacon;
• Oil.

You should not give vegetables that contain a dangerous toxin - solanine, that is, from the nightshade family:

• Tomatoes;
• Eggplant;
• Bell pepper;
• Potato.

Boiled potatoes can be given, but only occasionally due to their high starch content. There is no point in such a “delicacy”.

You should not give fruits and vegetables that cause gas in the intestines. Such products can be really dangerous for rodents:

• Beans, beans, peas;
• Radish;
• Cabbage;
• Radish;
• Broccoli;
• Turnip;
• Radish (daikon);
• Pears;
• Dried fruits.

Causes intestinal upset (diarrhea):

• Beet;
• Plums.

Fruits that contain large amounts of acids are also contraindicated for rats:

• Any citrus fruits (tangerines, oranges, grapefruits, pomelo);
• Kiwi;
• A pineapple.

Be careful when feeding melons and watermelons to rats due to their high sugar content and the possibility of nitrate poisoning.

You should not give pits containing hydrocyanic acid (apricots, plums, cherries); for the same reason, rats are not given almonds.

Be careful during lunch: if rats are nearby, the game “Give me a piece, man!!!” begins.