When it comes to Chinese dogs, most people think of Pekingese and Chow Chows. Few people even know about the Chongqing breed. It is indeed very rare; the Chinese themselves say that there are even fewer Chongqing pandas than giant pandas. The breed is one of the most ancient. Also known as the Chinese bulldog or oriental hound. Not recognized by the International Canine Federation.
Origin story
About 2000 years ago, when the Han Dynasty ruled the Chinese Empire, a new breed of dog was formed in Sichuan province, which was suitable for guarding and hunting. Strong, dexterous and angry dogs served as irreplaceable helpers for the poor; they could catch not only small animals, but also larger ones. Legends say that Chongqing people were not afraid even of tigers. In those days, peasants kept a dog only if it was useful, could provide food for itself and take care of the owner’s family.
Fate was not always kind to the Chongqing people. Several times the breed was on the verge of extinction and today remains small even in its homeland in China.
The history of the appearance and formation of the breed is shrouded in mystery. Probably due to the fact that until recently it did not arouse interest. Rare mentions in literature and works of art do not allow us to restore the whole picture. The territorial affiliation and use are known, everything else can only be guessed at. Apparently, Chongqing is related to Shar Peis and Chow Chows.
In the late 19th and early 20th centuries in Sichuan and Chongqing provinces, most land was converted into agricultural land. The dogs had nowhere to hunt, which led to a reduction in their numbers. The breed was preserved only due to the fact that some dog breeders continued to keep Chongqing dogs as guards and companions. Since the 1990s, the number of individuals began to increase, and since 2000, the Chinese Kennel Association, together with the National Breed Club and several breeders, began to popularize the breed. Thanks to their titanic efforts, dogs began to spread throughout the world and were exported to Europe and the USA. Currently, the Chongqing is positioned as a multifunctional dog, companion, watchman, security guard and hunting assistant.
Video about the Chongqing (Chinese Bulldog) dog breed:
Theses
- This breed is very rare not only in Europe, but also in China itself.
- Until recently, these were exclusively hunting dogs.
- At home, they are divided into three types, according to size and structural features.
- They have a dominant and difficult character. Not recommended for beginners.
- They are very loyal and will protect their home and family to the end.
- They have virtually no hair on their ears and tail, and the tail has a unique shape.
- These dogs are of the same color - brown, variations can only be in its shades.
Appearance
Chongqing creates the impression of a fast, harmoniously built, strong and agile dog, which should not show signs of rudeness. Her silhouette is clear and her body is well balanced. The modern standard, compiled by the Chongqing Dog Breeders Association, distinguishes three height varieties: • Standard - 45-55 cm; size • Medium - 35-45 cm; • Miniature - 30-35 cm.
Regardless of size, the Chongqing is considered as a guard and hunting dog and must have a typical temperament and appearance.
The head is large with a wide muzzle and erect ears. The wings hang down about 1 cm. The muzzle is short with a majestic expression. The outline of the head resembles an inverted trapezoid. The skull is wide, powerful, prominent, tapering towards the muzzle, the occipital protuberance is not pronounced. The planes of the muzzle and skull are almost parallel. The stop is small, but well expressed. The nose is black; Spotted dogs may be spotted, while bronze dogs may be pink or brown. While tracking, the nasal valves make a buzzing sound. The jaws are wide and powerful. The tongue is black or mottled with blue markings. If there are none, the dog is disqualified. The color of the mouth is also close to black. The teeth are very strong, scissor bite. A small undershot of up to 5 mm is allowed. Cheekbones are well developed. The eyes are round or almond-shaped, medium in size, color can vary from black to yellow, depending on the color. The eyelids are well pigmented in black, brown or gray. The ears are small, thin, erect, triangular in shape, covered with short dark hair or without hair. The angle of inclination of the ear axis to the horizon is 50-80°. In this case, both ears should be in the same position. The shape of the auricle resembles a dry leaf.
The neck is powerful and short. The body is almost square in format. The tail is held rigidly upward at an angle of about 70°; to the Chinese it resembles a bamboo shoot. The chest is voluminous with well-arched ribs. The back is short and strong. The lower back is strong. The croup is slightly convex with an inclination to the horizon of about 40°. The belly is tucked in. Limbs with strong bones, strong, slightly dry, straight. The paws are compact and round in shape. The fingers are well closed. The nails are short, thick, dark-colored in dark dogs, and lighter in light-colored dogs. The pads are very durable.
Based on the type of coat, the breed is divided into two more varieties: woolly and hairless. The exterior of dogs is the same, with the exception of hair and teeth (hairless dogs often have incomplete dental formula). The skin on the body forms wrinkles on the head, chest, and withers. They are slightly darker than the main color. The coat is hard, short, and often so sparse that the skin is visible through it. More dense on the neck, limbs and body. The hair adheres tightly to the skin. Color: reddish brown, dark brown, brown, black, white, straw yellow. The most valuable and common colors are red-brown. A small white mark on the chest is allowed.
Character and behavior
Chongqing is a brave, self-confident dog with a strong character, quick-witted and agile, an excellent hunter and guard, has a quick reaction and a strong hunting instinct. The sense of smell is very well developed, which allows it to perform complex search tasks. Chongqing does not bark for no reason, he is self-possessed, balanced and independent. But this does not prevent him from being a devoted friend and companion, and becoming strongly attached to the owner and other family members. Chongqing is infinitely affectionate, friendly and playful with his people.
Chongqing is fearless towards other animals and people, but at the same time not particularly confrontational. Sometimes quarrels can break out between male dogs. In addition, Chongqing is unlikely to be able to live in the society of a fighting dog, whose blood is aggression towards his fellow tribesmen; he will not back down and ignore attacks in his direction. In general, they are friendly enough to live in society.
During puppyhood, special attention should be paid to socialization. We must not forget that the Chongqing is a hunting dog, and therefore may show interest in other small animals, birds, street cats, and sometimes even small dogs.
Owners appreciate amazing insight in their Chongqings. These dogs are able to adapt to the mood and character of the owner, they are sociable and ready to make compromises. If Chongqing is familiar with children from puppyhood, he treats them with tolerance and care as adults. Of course, communication between a dog and a child should always remain under control.
Chongqing has a high degree of distrust of strangers. But, if the dog is well trained, the risk that it will attack without a command or serious reason is minimal.
Socialization
Representatives of the race are completely loyal to humans. But this character trait, due to the tendency to hunt, is in no way transmitted to other animals. Chinese bulldogs demonstrate zoo aggression to the fullest extent. And only proper litter cultivation will help protect other pets.
It should be taken into account that some small animals, such as hamsters, Chongqing dog will take over the legitimate prey and begin to hunt them with enthusiasm.
The attitude towards children is diametrically opposite. The Chongqing dog is immensely devoted not only to its honored owner, but also to children. But in this case, you will need to protect the dog from the child by explaining the rules of behavior with the animal. And in no case should one allow manifestations of childish love in the form of tugging at sensitive ears or close and constant hugs.
Once Chongqing is raised on a farm, it will be a wonderful place for a dog to live. But the owner must consider measures to protect poultry, rabbits and other animals. Chongqing shows miracles of resourcefulness in terms of hunting and achieves prey by digging, gnawing on a fence and in other ways.
Education and training
Chongqing has strong leadership abilities. He is independent and quite smart, but is not inclined to unquestioning obedience. Training should be done by an emotionally strong, strong-willed person with a balanced character. It’s good if he already has experience in keeping similar breeds, independent and independent. Methods developed for service dogs are not suitable for training and education. What is more important here is the close contact between the dog and the person, as well as the owner’s ability to take and maintain a leadership position. Chongqing as a puppy will be trained for a treat or toy, but an adult dog will comply with requests out of respect for the owner.
Chongqing's strength of character and independence sometimes surprises even professional dog handlers. It will be difficult to take control of such a dog and raise it correctly.
At the age of 7-10 months, when puberty begins, males and, to a lesser extent, days can try to take a leading position, even with aggression. In this case, it is important not to miss the moment and show the dog your primacy in time. This does not necessarily have to be the use of physical force. First of all, persistence and the requirement to follow the rules established by a person are important. During this period, it is very important not to be led by the dog and not to give it the opportunity to independently determine the place or duration of the walk, the time or place for sleep and other everyday trifles.
Chongqing is not the best choice for beginners. The dog will be suitable for an intelligent, experienced, strong-willed owner who will be able to correct his behavior in a timely manner.
Nurseries
There are no nurseries in Russia for breeding Chinese bulldog puppies. Animal lovers hope that measures will be taken to ensure that the population of the only Chinese bulldogs grows and there is no threat of extinction of the breed. These days these are hard to find animals. Buying a puppy requires a lot of effort, even at a high price.
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Content Features
In the middle climate zone, Chongqing is not suitable for outdoor living. This is due to the very short and sparse coat, which does not keep you warm in the cold season. Chongqing is suitable for home or apartment living. The dog will not be embarrassed even by the small dimensions of the living space, provided it is given good walking.
Chongqing is very energetic and active, so it is very advisable to find him something to do. These can be strength sports, for example, weight-pulling or running, including running behind a bicycle. As for obedience competitions (obedience, agility and other similar ones), Chongqing dogs rarely show good results in them. Aviary or chain keeping is not recommended. In addition, Chinese Bulldogs are not suitable as apartment dogs for people who do not have the ability to provide sufficient physical and mental exercise.
The lack of good walking, work and regular training will certainly entail consequences: disobedience, destructive behavior, outbursts of aggression.
Care
Caring for Chongqing is easy. It is enough to brush the dog regularly with a special rubber mitten or a brush for short-haired breeds. Then the molting goes completely unnoticed. The frequency of washing is individual. It is very important to choose the right shampoo that will not dry out the dog’s delicate skin, which is already prone to dermatological diseases. Ears, teeth, claws and eyes also need care. The ears are cleaned as necessary from accumulated excess wax. The eyes are wiped, removing secretions from the corners; it is important that they are always clean and dry. The claws normally grind down on their own, but if for some reason this does not happen, they need to be trimmed as they grow back. Chongqing teeth are prone to tartar formation and early loss, so owners should take dental disease prevention seriously. From early childhood, teach your dog to regularly brush its teeth and perform the procedure at least twice a week. If tartar appears, it should be removed promptly by a veterinarian.
Nutrition
Chongqing adapts well to different types of food: natural, mixed or prepared food. But it is worth considering that sometimes they suffer from allergies to certain foods or a weak digestive system. In this case, it will take a long time to select suitable products or food of a certain brand. In addition, they note a tendency to gain excess weight, especially in the absence of proper physical activity. For Chongqing, diet and correct calorie portion calculations are important. The diet must correspond to the dog’s physical activity, age and physiological condition.
If the dog eats natural food, be sure to give courses of vitamin and mineral supplements. When feeding exclusively with ready-made food above the super-premium class, no additional supplements are required for preventive purposes.
CARE
Chongqing is recommended to be kept in a country house with free range behind a high fence. If you plan to keep your dog in an apartment, walk it for at least 2 hours every day. If you pay little attention to your pet, it may develop depression or the dog will become irritable and aggressive. If you keep your pet outside, you will need a spacious booth. Make a bedding with a pillowcase. Everything needs to be washed periodically and kept clean. The breed has a tendency to dermatitis, therefore it is necessary to maintain cleanliness.
In winter, take the dog indoors. She will not tolerate even slight frosts. For walks outside the yard or around the city, you need a collar with a leash. The dog has a strong hunting instinct. She can run after a cat or a relative. Keep her on a leash.
You won't notice your pet's shedding. More wool falls out in spring and autumn, and little by little the rest of the year. Brush your pet once or twice a month with a rubber glove. The coat will begin to shine, become silky to the touch, and the pet will not be at risk of skin diseases.
You can bathe once every 7-8 months. or as it gets dirty. Pets have sensitive skin. Choose a herbal shampoo or one for sensitive skin. Buy an expensive brand, high quality. After bathing, apply a non-greasy cream to your skin. Until it dries, do not let your pet outside and make sure that it does not sit in drafts. Blow drying is not helpful. It's better to let it dry naturally.
2 or 3 times a month you need to brush your teeth with a special brush and toothpaste with beef or chicken flavor. Pets don't like this procedure, but this way you will keep your teeth healthy for years. Clean your ears from wax and dust 1 or 2 times a month. Soak a cotton swab with any vegetable oil and wipe. Do not clean deeply to avoid accidentally damaging the ear canal.
Dogs that live outside wear down their claws on their own. And those who walk a lot have no problems. If you walk for no more than 1.5 hours, then keep an eye on the claws and cut off overgrown ones with a special nail cutter. Buy individual.
Examine your pet's eyes periodically. When walking or if you live in a private sector, dust gets into them. It accumulates in the tear ducts. Remove dirt with a piece of lint-free cloth.
Feed your pet only natural food: meat (beef, chicken, rabbit, lamb, turkey) and offal (heart, liver, kidneys, tripe, trachea, trimmings, stomachs). Sometimes give fermented milk, cottage cheese with raw yolks, special vitamins for pets. You can offer 1:1 or 2:1 meat with porridge (buckwheat, rice, sometimes pearl barley).
As a delicacy, give smoked or dried pork, beef ears, penises, tracheas, chewing bones from pressed veins, etc. Take good care of your pet and he will live 12-15 years. Remember, long-lived dogs eat natural food.
Health and life expectancy
As a rule, Chongqing has good health and good immunity. However, it is not uncommon for the breed to give birth to puppies with various mutations: lack of hair, malocclusion, incomplete dental formula, a tendency to dental diseases, etc. Various skin and eye diseases are often reported. Dogs that do not suffer from bad heredity are often long-lived and 15 years is not the limit for them.
To maintain health, it is important to provide Chongqing residents with a nutritious balanced diet, timely vaccinations and treatment against external and internal parasites.
Mating
You won’t be able to untie a dog of this breed on your own for one reason: it’s difficult to find a partner. Therefore, it is better to sterilize your pet at 7-12 months , before maturation begins.
If mating is still planned, you need to contact the breed club, where a dog handler will find a mate for the dog. Owners will fill out documents that will allow newborn babies to receive a pedigree. Also, the female and male will be tested for health and genetic diseases.
Bulldogs are bred on neutral territory or at the male’s home. The duration of the act is 30-40 minutes, 15 of which the animals must stand in the castle. The owners' task is to help the dogs sit comfortably and hold them if they fall.
You can track the progress of pregnancy after 2 weeks . It is important to monitor the girl’s health to exclude the development of inflammatory processes, false pregnancy or infectious diseases.
Read a detailed article on the topic: “Everything you need to know about breeding dogs: appropriate age, what to do if it doesn’t work out, rules and tips.”
Choosing a Chongqing puppy
There are only about 1,000 Chongqing dogs worldwide. The main livestock is concentrated in China. A certain number live in the states, Western Europe and the CIS countries. The easiest way to buy a puppy in China is through the Chinese Chongqing Dog Club. The same organization is engaged in the preparation of documents for puppies and adult dogs, including export ones, as well as registration of breeders and other issues.
Finding a kennel that breeds Chongqing dogs is not difficult; it is much more difficult to find a free puppy for sale. There is usually a long queue for children. Puppies are very different from adult dogs, they have many more folds, which smooth out with age, and very sparse hair, it seems that the whole body is covered with bald spots. Dogs become fully grown closer to a year. It is important to pay attention to the condition of the skin, teeth, eyes and ears. Outwardly, babies should be healthy. Temperament also matters. They should not show aggression or cowardice. Curiosity, playfulness and friendliness: the most obvious traits before the age of 2-3 months. They also pay attention to compliance with the Standard, the balance of the body, the strength of the paws, the setting of the ears, the color of the mucous membranes and the color of the coat.
Price
A Chongqing puppy is not cheap. In Russia, the average price is 70,000 rubles. Kennels in China sell exclusive rare dogs for 15,000-25,000 kWh. yuan, which is approximately equal to 2,500-4,000 dollars.
Let's sum it up
Becoming the owner of representatives of such a breed as Chongqing is not easy, because it is very, very rare. Russian breeders do not breed it, therefore, you will need to apply directly to foreign kennel clubs to obtain it. It should be borne in mind that the seller will not give you the dog until he checks:
- Do you have your own house with a plot;
- what is your financial viability, etc.
The cost of a puppy of the Chongqing breed is very high for residents of the post-Soviet space, and amounts to almost 4 thousand dollars (about 280 thousand rubles). Keep in mind that you may also have to spend money on transporting the puppy, as well as yourself, on search trips to find the breed of interest.
These beautiful dogs are really expensive
